投资笔记：气凝胶投资逻辑分析（附重点企业）（14722字）

Industry Overview - Aerogel is a new generation of highly efficient thermal insulation material, characterized by its nano-porous network structure and being the lightest solid in the world. Its commercial applications mainly focus on its excellent thermal insulation capabilities across various sectors including petrochemicals, thermal pipelines, lithium batteries, construction materials, outdoor clothing, aerospace, and military [4][41]. - The thermal insulation principle of aerogel is based on its unique structure, which leads to effects such as no convection, infinite blocking, and long path effects. The thermal conductivity of aerogel ranges from 0.012 to 0.024 W/(m·K), which is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than traditional insulation materials [5][24]. Aerogel Classification - Aerogels can be classified into several categories based on their precursors, including oxides, carbides, polymers, biomass, semiconductors, non-oxides, and metals. Among these, SiO2 aerogel has the most mature commercial application, accounting for 69% of the global market share in 2019 [13][19]. Aerogel Composite Materials - Commercial aerogels are often composite materials to enhance strength and toughness. Common forms include aerogel blankets, papers, fabrics, boards, powders, slurries, and coatings. The most widely used is SiO2 aerogel blanket, which improves mechanical properties through fiber reinforcement [19][20]. Aerogel Performance - Aerogel composite materials exhibit several advantages, including: - Ultra-long service life with a hydrophobic rate of 99%, making them waterproof and easy to store - Superior thermal insulation performance, with thickness 1/4 to 1/2 that of traditional materials for the same insulation effect - Excellent fire resistance, classified as A-level safety, protecting pipelines and equipment during fires - Outstanding mechanical properties, including flexibility, toughness, and compressive strength [21][24]. Market Analysis - The largest application field for aerogel is petrochemicals, accounting for 56% of consumption, followed by industrial insulation at 18% [41][58]. - The market for aerogel insulation sheets is expected to grow at a rate of 1.5 times annually, driven primarily by the expansion of ternary battery production [72]. Policy Support - The government has introduced multiple policies to encourage the development of the aerogel industry, recognizing its strategic importance in reducing carbon emissions and achieving "dual carbon" goals [55][56]. Aerogel Industry Chain - The upstream of the aerogel industry includes silicon sources, which can be categorized into inorganic and organic types. Organic silicon sources like TMOS and TEOS are more expensive but purer, while inorganic sources like water glass are cheaper but contain more impurities [60][61]. - The midstream involves the production of aerogel products, which are often reinforced with organic polymers or fiber materials to enhance their insulation properties [62][64]. - The downstream applications are diverse, with significant involvement from major companies in the oil and gas pipeline insulation sector, as well as in the battery industry [66][68].