分布式光伏新政73问全解析

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implementation of the "Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Development and Construction Management Measures" issued by the National Energy Administration, emphasizing the need for high-quality development in the distributed photovoltaic industry and the opportunities presented by new policies [3]. Group 1: Definition and Classification - Photovoltaic power generation is the method of converting solar radiation energy directly into electrical energy using solar cells. It is classified into centralized photovoltaic power stations and distributed photovoltaic power generation [5]. - Distributed photovoltaic power generation is developed on the user side, connected to the distribution network, and is generally balanced near the distribution network system [5]. - There are four types of distributed photovoltaic power generation: household use by natural persons, household use by non-natural persons, general commercial and industrial, and large commercial and industrial [6]. Group 2: Types of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation - Natural person household use refers to distributed photovoltaic systems built by individuals on their own residential properties, with a connection voltage not exceeding 380 volts. Non-natural person household use involves entities investing in similar systems with a connection voltage not exceeding 10 kV (20 kV) and a total installed capacity not exceeding 6 MW [7]. - General commercial and industrial distributed photovoltaic systems are built on public institutions and commercial buildings, with a connection voltage not exceeding 10 kV (20 kV) and a total installed capacity generally not exceeding 6 MW. Large commercial and industrial systems can connect at 35 kV or 110 kV (66 kV) with higher capacity limits [9]. Group 3: Connection and Capacity Regulations - A project with a connection voltage of 10 kV and an installed capacity of 8 MW does not qualify as general commercial distributed photovoltaic power generation due to exceeding the capacity limit [10]. - A project with a connection voltage of 35 kV and an installed capacity of 5 MW cannot be classified as general commercial distributed photovoltaic power generation [11]. Group 4: Grid Connection Modes - Distributed photovoltaic power generation can adopt three grid connection modes: full grid connection, all self-consumption, and self-consumption with surplus electricity fed into the grid [13]. - Both natural person and non-natural person household uses can choose from the same grid connection modes [14]. - General commercial distributed photovoltaic systems can choose all self-consumption or self-consumption with surplus electricity fed into the grid, while large commercial systems generally must choose all self-consumption [15][16]. Group 5: Project Management and Land Use - Distributed photovoltaic projects must be located within the same land red line as the user’s substation. Large commercial systems can cross land red lines when engaging in dedicated supply [22]. - Projects built on agricultural facilities, such as greenhouses, are classified as agricultural-light complementary projects and fall under centralized photovoltaic management [25]. - Photovoltaic projects built on roads or slopes adjacent to buildings can be managed as commercial distributed photovoltaic systems if they are within the same land red line [26].