2024年全球外国直接投资下降11%！亚洲仍是全球外资流入主要目的地

Core Viewpoint - The UNCTAD report indicates a slight increase in global foreign direct investment (FDI) by 4% in 2024, reaching $1.5 trillion, but a significant actual decline of 11% when excluding large financial transactions from certain European economies, marking two consecutive years of double-digit declines [1] Group 1: Global Investment Trends - The report highlights that the global economy is facing complex challenges, including rising debt, sluggish GDP growth, geopolitical tensions, and structural changes in trade and investment flows [1] - Early data for Q1 2025 shows that transaction and project activities have hit historical lows, indicating a pessimistic outlook for international investment [1] Group 2: Regional FDI Insights - Developed economies saw a 22% drop in FDI inflows in 2024, with European FDI plummeting by 58% when excluding financial transaction fluctuations, while North America experienced a 23% increase [5] - Developing economies in Asia remain the primary destination for global FDI, accounting for 40% of total FDI, although the region's FDI inflows decreased by 3% to $605 billion in 2024 [5] - ASEAN countries saw a significant FDI increase of 10%, reaching a record high of $225 billion, while Africa's FDI surged by 75% to $97 billion, driven by a major project in Egypt [5] Group 3: Sectoral Investment Dynamics - Greenfield investment projects in the industrial sector rose by 3% but saw a 5% decline in total value, maintaining a high level of $1.3 trillion [3] - International project financing (IPF) continued to decline, dropping by 26%, influenced by uncertainties in exchange rates and interest rates [3] - Cross-border M&A transactions increased by 14% to $443 billion, yet remained below the average levels of the past decade, indicating a shift towards domestic and nearshore investments due to rising policy risks and regulatory scrutiny [3] Group 4: Digital Economy and Investment - The digital economy is identified as a growth and transformation engine, with investments in this sector growing at an annual rate of 10% to 12%, outpacing global GDP growth [10] - Developing countries attracted $531 billion in greenfield projects in the digital economy from 2020 to 2024, with a concentration of investments in ten economies that accounted for nearly 80% of total investments [8] - Data centers emerged as the primary investment target in developing countries, followed by digital services and ICT infrastructure [8] Group 5: Policy and Regulatory Environment - The global investment policy landscape remains heavily influenced by geopolitical tensions and industrial policy objectives, with 174 new investment policy measures introduced in 2024, 78% of which favor investors [10] - As of the end of 2024, the total number of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) cases exceeded 1,400, with a significant portion occurring in the extractive and energy sectors [10]