重磅！陈海生等40余位专家盘点：2024年中国储能技术研究进展

Core Viewpoint - The article provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in China's energy storage technology in 2024, highlighting significant progress in various storage technologies and the country's leading position in global energy storage research and development [2][3][4]. Group 1: Overview of Energy Storage Technologies - In 2024, China experienced rapid development in energy storage technologies, including pumped hydro storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and new storage technologies [2][3]. - China has maintained its status as the most active country in the world for foundational research, technology development, and integrated demonstration in the energy storage sector, leading in the number of SCI papers published and WIPO international patents filed [2][3][4]. - The installed capacity of new energy storage technologies has surpassed that of pumped hydro storage for the first time, marking a historic milestone for the industry [2][3]. Group 2: Pumped Hydro Storage - Pumped hydro storage remains a mainstream large-scale energy storage technology, with significant advancements in 2024, including the transition to a new stage of large-scale, intelligent, and ecological development [6][7]. - Key research areas include the flow characteristics of pump-turbine systems, equipment and control technologies, system scheduling and optimization, and market pricing mechanisms [8][9][10]. - The development of new pumped hydro storage technologies, such as gas-liquid composite energy storage systems, has improved both efficiency and construction costs [12]. Group 3: Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) - In 2024, China's CAES technology achieved a leap in capacity from 100 MW to 300 MW, with significant advancements in system characteristics and energy loss mechanisms [17]. - Key research areas include the optimization of system parameters, compressor and expander technologies, and the integration of CAES with other energy systems [25][27]. - Several milestone projects have been initiated, including the first 300 MW/1800 MWh salt cavern CAES power station, which set international records for single-unit power and system efficiency [27]. Group 4: Thermal Energy Storage - Thermal energy storage technologies, including sensible heat, latent heat, and thermochemical storage, have seen significant advancements in 2024, focusing on material development and system optimization [28][29]. - Research highlights include the development of new composite phase change materials and the optimization of heat transfer characteristics in thermal storage units [30][31]. - Demonstration projects have successfully implemented molten salt storage systems, enhancing peak shaving capabilities in power generation [36]. Group 5: Flywheel Energy Storage - Flywheel energy storage technology has made notable progress in structural design, system control strategies, and engineering applications in 2024 [37]. - Research focuses on improving the reliability, efficiency, and lifespan of flywheel systems, as well as developing innovative control strategies for hybrid energy storage systems [38].