马斯克新建“美国党”，能冲击两党“轮流坐庄”格局吗

Core Viewpoint - Elon Musk has announced the establishment of a new political party called the "American Party," aiming to represent 80% of middle voters in the upcoming congressional midterm elections, potentially impacting the long-standing two-party system in the U.S. [1] Group 1: Election Mechanism Challenges - The "winner-takes-all" electoral college system in the U.S. is unfavorable for third parties, making it difficult for them to gain significant traction [2] - Political experts highlight that under the current electoral framework, third parties cannot gradually grow by winning only 20% or 30% of the votes [2] - Registration and qualification requirements for new parties are stringent, often hindering third-party candidates from appearing on ballots [2] Group 2: Historical Context of Third Parties - Historically, third parties have had limited success in national elections, with the last instance of a third-party presidential candidate receiving electoral votes occurring in 1968 [3] - Ross Perot, an independent candidate in the 1992 presidential election, garnered about 19% of the popular vote but failed to win any electoral votes [4] - Independent candidates often rely on the support of major parties to participate in national elections, as seen with Bernie Sanders aligning with the Democratic Party [4] Group 3: Financial Influence and Voter Support - Musk's new party may not aim to directly challenge the dominance of the two major parties but seeks to influence key congressional seats, potentially acting as a balancing force [5] - Despite Musk's financial resources, the traditional parties also possess strong fundraising capabilities, which could limit the impact of the new party [6] - There are doubts about whether the claimed 80% of middle voters will support Musk's party, as it currently lacks established local support [6]