熔融石英和石英有什么区别？材料选择的重要启示

Core Viewpoint - Fused quartz and quartz are both composed of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) but differ in manufacturing processes, purity levels, and specific characteristics, leading to unique applications and properties [1][4]. Group 1: Composition and Structure - Both fused quartz and quartz are primarily made of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) [3]. - Fused quartz is amorphous, lacking a crystal structure, while quartz has a crystalline structure [3]. Group 2: Manufacturing Process - Fused quartz is produced by melting high-purity silica sand at extremely high temperatures, resulting in a glass-like non-crystalline material [3]. - Quartz is a naturally occurring mineral that is processed after mining for various uses [3]. Group 3: Purity Levels - Fused quartz typically has a chemical purity exceeding 99.9%, making it suitable for applications requiring high optical clarity and chemical resistance [3]. - Natural quartz also has a high SiO₂ content but may contain trace impurities depending on its source [3]. Group 4: Thermal Properties - Fused quartz has a very low thermal expansion coefficient, providing strong thermal shock resistance, making it suitable for high-temperature applications [3]. - Quartz also has a low thermal expansion coefficient, but its crystalline structure can make it more susceptible to thermal stress under certain conditions [3]. Group 5: Optical Characteristics - Fused quartz offers excellent ultraviolet (UV) transmittance, making it ideal for lenses and other optical devices [3]. - While quartz also has good optical properties, fused quartz provides better transparency across a wider spectral range due to its amorphous structure [3]. Group 6: Electrical and Chemical Resistance - Fused quartz exhibits outstanding electrical insulation properties, making it suitable for electronic and semiconductor applications [3]. - Both materials have strong corrosion and chemical resistance, but fused quartz's higher purity often results in better performance in corrosive chemical environments [3]. Group 7: Applications - Fused quartz is commonly used in high-precision optical components, semiconductor manufacturing, and high-temperature lighting applications [3]. - Quartz is typically used in less demanding optical applications, as well as in the production of quartz glassware and industrial components [3]. Conclusion - Although fused quartz and quartz share the same chemical composition, they differ significantly in structure, performance, and applications, with fused quartz being particularly suited for demanding applications in optics, electronics, and high-temperature environments [4].