经济观察报·2025-07-11 12:17Core Viewpoint - The future defined by "sovereign AI" represents both a technological and capital competition, prompting Chinese GPU companies to seek funding urgently in the secondary market [2][5]. Group 1: Market Dynamics - NVIDIA's market capitalization surpassed $4 trillion, making it the largest publicly traded company globally, which has created significant market potential for domestic GPU companies [2][3]. - The surge in interest for domestic GPU firms is driven by the need for a comparable company to NVIDIA in the A-share market, as highlighted by industry experts [7][8]. - The valuation logic in the market has led to speculative methods, such as the "market probability" approach, where companies like Cambricon are valued based on their perceived chances of becoming the Chinese equivalent of NVIDIA [8]. Group 2: Financial Performance - Both Moer Technology and Muxi Integrated Circuit have reported substantial losses, with Moer Technology's net profit from 2022 to 2024 showing losses of approximately 1.84 billion yuan, 1.67 billion yuan, and 1.49 billion yuan, totaling around 5 billion yuan [11]. - Muxi Integrated Circuit reported cumulative losses of 3.29 billion yuan from 2022 to the first quarter of 2025, with R&D expenses significantly exceeding revenue [12]. - Cambricon has also faced long-term losses, accumulating over 3.3 billion yuan since its IPO in 2020 [13]. Group 3: Investment and Funding - Moer Technology has undergone eight rounds of financing in less than five years, achieving a valuation of 21.071 billion yuan by March 2025 [5]. - The urgency for IPOs among domestic GPU companies is seen as a "lifeline" to secure necessary capital for survival and growth [22][23]. - The capital raised is intended for advancing core GPU technologies and enhancing governance to create value for investors [24][25]. Group 4: Customer Base and Revenue Quality - The customer base for domestic GPU companies is heavily concentrated, with Moer Technology's top five clients accounting for over 89% of its revenue from 2022 to 2024 [28]. - The reliance on large clients, particularly government projects, raises concerns about the sustainability and quality of revenue [28][32]. - The shifting customer dynamics for Muxi Integrated Circuit indicate potential instability in business relationships, as evidenced by significant changes in its top clients from 2023 to 2024 [32][33]. Group 5: Competitive Landscape and Challenges - Domestic GPU companies face challenges in performance and compatibility, particularly in the consumer market, where user experience is critical [36][39]. - The lack of a robust software ecosystem compared to established players like NVIDIA and AMD poses a significant barrier to market penetration [39]. - Supply chain vulnerabilities, particularly in accessing advanced manufacturing processes, could hinder the development of next-generation chips [41][42]. Group 6: Strategic Considerations - Industry experts suggest that the key to success for domestic GPU companies lies in maintaining strategic focus and resilience rather than merely chasing rapid growth [42]. - The importance of securing strong backing from established firms or ecosystems is emphasized as a critical factor for long-term viability [45].