中国掌控关键矿物的真相

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's strategic control over critical mineral supply chains, particularly in the context of the ongoing trade tensions with the United States, highlighting the implications of China's export restrictions on rare earth elements and other key minerals [1][3][4]. Group 1: China's Control Over Critical Minerals - China dominates approximately 60% of global rare earth production, which is essential for electric vehicle (EV) motors, and its export restrictions have led to production halts in major automotive companies like Ford and Suzuki [3][4]. - In the refining stage of 20 key minerals surveyed by the International Energy Agency (IEA), China holds an average market share of about 70%, indicating its significant influence in the global supply chain [4][5]. - For cobalt, a critical material for EV batteries, while 70% of the raw material is sourced from the Democratic Republic of Congo, China controls around 80% of the refining market [5]. Group 2: Global Demand and Technological Dominance - The demand for critical minerals is increasing due to the transition to renewable energy, with China also leading in the production of solar panels (approximately 80%), wind turbines (around 60%), and EV batteries (over 70%) [6]. - As the world accelerates its energy transition, reliance on China for these critical minerals is expected to grow, emphasizing the strategic importance of China's resource control [6]. Group 3: Historical Context and Strategic Initiatives - China's focus on rare earth elements dates back to the 1980s, where it gained a competitive edge due to more lenient environmental regulations compared to Japan, the US, and Europe [7]. - The Belt and Road Initiative has further strengthened China's resource security by investing in mineral projects in countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo and Indonesia [7]. Group 4: Geopolitical Implications and Supply Chain Strategies - The article highlights the geopolitical risks associated with China's dominance in supply chains, particularly as the US seeks to revitalize its manufacturing sector [8][9]. - Companies are encouraged to diversify their supply chains and develop alternative technologies to mitigate risks associated with reliance on critical minerals [9].