美国商务部启动对无人机、多晶硅232调查，意欲何为？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent initiation of two Section 232 investigations by the U.S. government concerning "drone systems and their components" and "polysilicon and its derivatives," highlighting the potential implications for national security and domestic industry protection [1][2]. Group 1: Investigations Overview - The investigations began on July 1 and are currently in the public comment phase, with stakeholders able to submit opinions until August 4 [2][7]. - The U.S. Department of Commerce is focusing on the domestic production capabilities of drone systems and polysilicon, assessing whether they can meet current and future demands [7][8]. - The investigations aim to evaluate the risks associated with foreign supply chains and the concentration of imports from a limited number of suppliers [7][8]. Group 2: Implications for Domestic Industry - The investigations indicate a shift in U.S. policy from upstream basic materials to downstream high-tech applications, which may signal a broader trend of protectionism [3][4]. - The products under investigation lack comparative advantages for the U.S., suggesting that any tariffs imposed could harm domestic supply chains [4][8]. - The article notes that previous Section 232 investigations, such as those on steel and aluminum, followed a similar logic, where tariffs were used to protect domestic markets and stimulate local production [9][10]. Group 3: Broader Context of Section 232 Investigations - A total of 11 products are currently under Section 232 investigations, including steel, aluminum, automotive products, semiconductors, and more [12]. - The U.S. has already implemented significant tariffs, such as a 50% tariff on steel and aluminum and a 25% tariff on automotive products valued at $153 billion [13]. - The investigations are framed within a national security context, where economic security is equated with national security, reflecting concerns over industrial decline and its socio-political ramifications [16][18].