专家详解美欧贸易协议：无法律约束力，暗藏“恐怖平衡”

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent trade agreement between the US and EU, highlighting its non-binding nature and the ongoing negotiations required to finalize specific terms and conditions [1][3][5]. Summary by Sections Trade Agreement Details - On July 27, a trade agreement was reached between US President Trump and EU Commission President von der Leyen, establishing a 15% tariff on most EU products, while the EU commits to purchasing significant amounts of US energy and military equipment [1][8]. - The agreement includes a 15% tariff cap applicable to nearly all EU exports, with exceptions for products already subject to higher most-favored-nation tariffs [9][10]. - The agreement also covers potential tariffs on pharmaceuticals and semiconductors, with a commitment to restore certain tariffs on specific products starting August 1, 2025 [11]. Investment Commitments - The EU plans to procure US liquefied natural gas, oil, and nuclear products worth approximately $750 billion (around €700 billion) over the next three years, aiming to replace Russian energy sources [12]. - EU companies have expressed interest in investing at least $600 billion (about €550 billion) in various sectors in the US by 2029, adding to the existing €2.4 trillion investment [13]. Legal and Political Implications - The agreement is described as a framework or political agreement, lacking legal binding force, which raises questions about the enforceability of the commitments made [5][14]. - The use of terms like "intends" and "interested" in the EU's statements has led to skepticism regarding the actual implementation of the proposed investments and purchases [12][22]. Future Negotiations - Key issues remain unresolved, including tariffs on steel and aluminum, and discussions are ongoing regarding exemptions for certain products [20][21]. - The EU is seeking to establish a non-binding joint statement by August 1 to clarify the agreement's terms and facilitate further negotiations [18][19]. Trade Volume Context - In 2024, trade between the US and EU is projected to exceed €1.6 trillion, with daily exchanges of over €4.2 billion in goods and services [23].