巴西：蓄势待发的储能市场

Core Viewpoint - The increasing share of solar power in Brazil's energy grid is driving the demand for energy storage solutions, leading to a comprehensive deployment of battery storage projects from residential to grid-scale [2][3]. Group 1: Solar Power Growth and Investment - According to the Brazilian National Electric System Operator (ONS), the share of photovoltaic power is expected to rise from 22.2% in December 2024 to 32.9% by the end of 2029, with installed capacity increasing from 51.7 GW to 88.2 GW, a net increase of 36.5 GW [2]. - The Brazilian Solar Energy Association (ABSAE) projects that by 2030, the solar energy storage sector could attract investments of 44 billion Brazilian Reais (approximately 8.46 billion USD), distributed across off-grid systems, grid-scale projects, and commercial applications [2]. Group 2: Battery Storage Demand and Reliability - Greener Consulting reports a surge in demand for battery storage system components in Brazil, with an expected increase of 89% in 2024, and many systems anticipated to be operational by 2025 [3]. - By the end of 2024, Brazil's total installed storage capacity is projected to reach 685 MWh, with 70% being off-grid systems, and a 29% increase in new installations compared to the previous year [3]. Group 3: Agricultural Sector and Storage Solutions - The agricultural sector is becoming a major beneficiary of battery storage, as solar plus storage can replace diesel generators, reducing costs and aiding decarbonization efforts [5]. - In the western region of Bahia, the number of irrigation hubs has increased by 43% over the past two years, but the local substations are at full capacity, necessitating reliance on storage solutions for agricultural expansion [5]. Group 4: Emerging Business Models - Companies like Matrix Energia and Brasol are developing commercial projects through a "storage as a service" model, with Matrix planning to deploy 750 MWh of storage systems by 2027 [6]. - A fast-charging system integrating 4.5 MWh of battery storage can charge up to 29 buses simultaneously, significantly enhancing charging capabilities for electric public transport in São Paulo [6]. Group 5: Residential Energy Autonomy - The demand for energy storage has extended to the residential sector, with studies indicating that a household equipped with a 4.8 kWh LiFePO₄ lithium battery can maintain essential functions during prolonged power outages [7]. - Despite challenges such as high capital costs and policy gaps, Brazil is expected to become a regional leader in energy storage by 2030, emphasizing the need for technology dissemination and optimized business models [7]. Group 6: Regulatory Developments - Brazil's first storage regulatory rules are set to be released this year, which will include mechanisms for storage revenue [8].