特朗普关税伤害了谁？商品价格成本飙升，消费者买单还是企业求豁免？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impact of the recently implemented "reciprocal tariffs" by the Trump administration, warning that these tariffs will lead to price increases for consumers and urging businesses to seek exemptions [3][4]. Group 1: Tariff Implementation and Business Response - Since the implementation of the "reciprocal tariffs" on August 7, higher tariffs have become a new reality for American businesses, prompting them to adjust both short-term strategies and long-term plans [6][7]. - The National Retail Federation (NRF) and the National Restaurant Association (NRA) indicate that the clarity of the tariff landscape presents both short-term and long-term challenges for various industries, with tariffs ultimately being passed on to consumers [6][7]. - Manufacturers, such as Stanley Black & Decker, have already raised prices due to cost pressures from tariffs, and retailers like Walmart have also indicated that higher tariffs will lead to price increases [6][7]. Group 2: Impact on Consumer Behavior and Restaurant Industry - The new tariffs are expected to increase costs for key food supply chains, leading restaurants to potentially raise menu prices, which could reduce consumer dining frequency [8][9]. - Consumers are already opting to dine at home to save costs, resulting in a decline in sales for chain restaurants, with McDonald's reporting a significant drop in visits from low-income customers [9][10]. - The American Restaurant Association estimates that tariffs on food and beverage products from Mexico and Canada could result in a loss of $15.16 billion for the domestic restaurant industry [10]. Group 3: Ongoing Trade Negotiations - The U.S. Treasury Secretary has stated that negotiations with countries that have not yet reached trade agreements are expected to be completed by the end of October, with Mexico and the U.S. agreeing to maintain current tariff rates for 90 days while negotiating a new trade agreement [4][11]. - The negotiations with Canada are expected to be more challenging due to Canada's firm stance, while discussions with Mexico appear to be more focused on the negotiation process itself [11].