专访上海财经大学校长刘元春：“十五五”锚定三大主线，治理体系改革破局结构转型

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the strategic direction and core pathways for China's economic and social development over the next five years, emphasizing the importance of addressing structural challenges and seizing strategic opportunities in the context of global political and economic changes [1]. Group 1: Three Core Development Lines During the 14th Five-Year Plan - The first core line is the Fourth Industrial Revolution, represented by artificial intelligence (AI), which has become a reality since the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022. Major economies are prioritizing AI as a key development direction for the next 5-10 years, with China aiming to leverage AI for national rejuvenation and high-quality development [3]. - The second core line focuses on constructing a new development pattern around a new security framework, as the global landscape is undergoing significant changes due to major power competition and the restructuring of the economic globalization system led by the U.S. [4]. - The third core line addresses the internal structural transformation in China, which includes adjusting demand structures, managing the relationship between emerging and traditional industries, and optimizing urban-rural structures to reduce disparities [5]. Group 2: Internal Structural Transformation - The internal structural transformation requires enhancing governance systems and capabilities, with a focus on government reform to modernize governance frameworks and improve fiscal and tax systems [6][7]. - Expanding domestic demand is crucial, with an emphasis on increasing consumption through income distribution reforms, innovative consumption scenarios, and breaking supply bottlenecks. The government needs to shift from an investment-driven model to a service-oriented and welfare-focused approach [8][9]. - Addressing "involution" in industries like photovoltaics and new energy vehicles is essential, with strategies to manage overcapacity in emerging industries while allowing for innovation and scale economies [11][12][13].