公立儿科医院诊疗迈向精准化，新生儿重症救治仍面临挑战

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the increasing challenges in neonatal care due to rising rates of premature births and the complexity of conditions faced by newborns, emphasizing the need for advanced medical interventions and multidisciplinary approaches in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) [3][4][5]. Group 1: Challenges in Neonatal Care - The proportion of older mothers and the prevalence of twin pregnancies and assisted reproductive technologies have led to an increase in the incidence of severe neonatal conditions [3]. - The survival rate of premature infants has improved significantly, but they often face long-term complications, particularly neurological issues [4][5]. - The costs associated with treating premature infants are high, necessitating a collaborative approach among various medical specialties to enhance survival rates [4][5]. Group 2: NICU Developments and Investments - Major children's hospitals in Shanghai have made significant investments to enhance neonatal care, including the establishment of new neonatal treatment centers that integrate various specialties for comprehensive care [5][6]. - The use of artificial intelligence in neonatal care is being explored, with AI models being developed to predict risks and recommend personalized treatment plans [6]. Group 3: Staffing and Resource Allocation - There is a disparity in nurse-to-patient ratios between neonatal and adult ICUs, with neonatal care requiring more intensive and frequent attention [6][7]. - Despite increased investments in pediatric care, the overall scale of pediatric departments in public hospitals has been shrinking, leading to a decrease in patient admissions [7][8]. Group 4: Future Directions - The ideal future for pediatric care involves improving the tiered medical system and leveraging private hospitals to complement public hospital resources, focusing on complex cases in public facilities [8].