全固态才是真固态？一文看懂什么是固态电池！

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that the ultimate pursuit of battery technology is not merely "solid-state" but rather achieving higher energy density, more stable cycling performance, and safer user experiences [2][7]. Definition of Solid-State Batteries - The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines polymer solid electrolytes as "electrically conducting solution of a salt in a polymer," which includes ion-conducting polymers that rely on solution-phase conduction mechanisms [3]. - Solid-state batteries can include polymer electrolytes (dry or gel) and ceramic electrolytes, as supported by various research teams [4][5]. Engineering Perspective on Solid-State Batteries - A more practical definition of solid-state batteries is proposed: an electrochemical system where the electrolyte phase remains macroscopically non-flowing under working conditions and maintains structural integrity during charge and discharge cycles [6]. - The focus should be on the functional characteristics of the electrolyte system under actual working conditions, particularly interfacial stability and structural integrity, rather than rigidly adhering to the presence or absence of liquid phases [6]. Development Path of Battery Technology - The notion that battery development should follow a path from liquid to semi-solid to all-solid is deemed logically flawed; the goal is high performance, not merely solid-state [7]. - Liquid, semi-solid, and solid states are all means to achieve high-performance batteries, not ends in themselves [7]. - A performance-oriented evaluation paradigm is needed, prioritizing core performance indicators such as energy density, cycling stability, fast charging capability, safety, and cost-effectiveness over rigid adherence to "absolute solid" standards [7]. Policy Recommendations - It is suggested that policymakers adopt an open innovation approach, actively supporting the collaborative development of various electrochemical technology routes to drive significant advancements in energy storage technology [7].