南开大学陈军：引领全球储能新范式：从“跟跑”到“领跑”的战略路径

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the significant role of new energy storage in supporting the energy revolution and achieving the "dual carbon" strategic goals in China, emphasizing the need for top-level design, addressing development bottlenecks, and strategic layout for the new energy storage industry during the 14th Five-Year Plan period [2]. Group 1: Top-Level Design and Industry Practice - A comprehensive policy framework has been established, with new energy storage included in the Energy Law of the People's Republic of China, marking its legal position in power system regulation [3]. - By the end of 2024, China's new energy storage installed capacity reached 73.76 million kilowatts, accounting for over 40% of the global total, with an annual growth rate exceeding 130% [4]. - The technology landscape is diversifying, with lithium-ion batteries dominating at 96.4%, alongside significant advancements in compressed air storage and flow battery projects [4][5]. Group 2: High-Quality Development Bottlenecks - Despite a 25% reduction in lithium-ion battery storage costs compared to 2023, long-duration storage systems still face high initial investments, with vanadium flow battery systems costing 1.6 to 2.5 times more than lithium-ion batteries [7]. - The current standards primarily cover electrochemical storage, but execution gaps reveal systemic challenges in standard implementation, necessitating a tripartite approach of standards, regulation, and resources [8]. - The supply chain has weak links, particularly in high-end materials, which still rely on imports, and there is a need for improved collaboration between research and engineering [9]. Group 3: Leading Global Storage Paradigms - The strategy focuses on meeting diverse demand across short, medium, and long-duration storage, leveraging big data and AI to enhance lithium-ion battery performance and accelerate the commercialization of sodium-ion and solid-state batteries [10]. - A unified capacity compensation mechanism is being promoted to establish a three-pronged revenue model, allowing new energy storage to participate in the spot market and explore innovative business models [12]. - The initiative aims to internationalize storage technology standards and establish a competitive edge in the global market, encouraging domestic companies to expand overseas and shift from product to technology and service exports [13].