能源高质量发展专家谈丨能源科技实现历史性跨越，一大批大国重器传来好消息

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of technological innovation in driving high-quality energy development during China's 14th Five-Year Plan, highlighting breakthroughs in clean energy, fossil energy cleaning, and integrated energy development, which collectively support energy security and the transition to a low-carbon economy [2][3][4]. Group 1: Clean Energy Development - During the 14th Five-Year Plan, the energy structure is rapidly adjusting, with non-fossil energy power generation capacity reaching 2.23 billion kilowatts by July 2025, accounting for 60.8% of total power generation capacity [3]. - The efficiency of N-type TOPCon solar cells has surpassed 27%, with the cost of electricity dropping to approximately 0.13 yuan/kWh, a reduction of about 50% compared to 2020 [3]. - The largest hydropower unit in the world, the Baihetan hydropower station, has been completed, and the pumped storage capacity exceeds 58 million kilowatts, maintaining the world's leading position for nine consecutive years [3]. Group 2: Fossil Energy Cleaning - Fossil energy continues to play a stabilizing role in energy security, with over 500 million kilowatts of coal-fired power units undergoing energy-saving, heating, and flexibility upgrades [4]. - Significant projects include the completion of Asia's first ultra-deep exploration well and the world's first 100,000-ton deep-water semi-submersible oil production platform [4]. - The CCUS demonstration project in Taizhou has been established with a capacity of 500,000 tons, marking a significant step in carbon capture technology [4]. Group 3: Integrated Energy Development - The smart grid is undergoing continuous upgrades, with the capacity for "West-to-East Power Transmission" increasing from 260 million kilowatts to 360 million kilowatts [4]. - The energy consumption of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers has decreased to 4.2 kWh/Nm3, and key technologies for hydrogen refueling stations have achieved localization [4]. - The cost of lithium iron phosphate energy storage systems has dropped to around 0.4 yuan/Wh, with advancements in compressed air and vanadium flow battery storage technologies [4]. Group 4: Original Technological Innovation - The construction of a new power system aims to maximize the integration of renewable energy, with projections indicating that by 2060, wind and solar installations will exceed 900 million kilowatts, accounting for over 70% of power generation [5]. - The development of a new type of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter valve has been achieved, demonstrating 100% failure resistance in practical applications [6]. - The flexible HVDC technology has been successfully exported, with significant projects in the Middle East and a successful bid for the Dolwin6 offshore wind project in Germany [6]. Group 5: Strengthening National Strategic Technological Forces - The article highlights the need to address issues of fragmentation and homogeneity in energy technology innovation, advocating for a unified national strategy to enhance research capabilities [8]. - The establishment of national laboratories and innovation alliances in the energy sector aims to consolidate resources and focus on major national energy needs [8]. - Collaborative efforts among various stakeholders, including government, enterprises, and research institutions, are emphasized to drive technological advancements in flexible coal-fired power generation [9][10].