新能源汽车从代步工具到“移动储能”，车网互动规模化还要迈过几道坎

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the rapid development and potential of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology in China, highlighting its role in energy transition and the dual benefits for electric vehicle (EV) owners and the power grid [2][5][7]. Group 1: V2G Technology Overview - V2G technology allows electric vehicles to not only draw power from the grid but also send power back, transforming them into "mobile energy storage units" [5][7]. - The implementation of V2G is seen as a solution to the challenges posed by the increasing demand for electricity from EVs, particularly during peak hours [4][5]. Group 2: Government Initiatives - The National Development and Reform Commission and other agencies plan to establish over five demonstration cities and 50 dual-direction charging and discharging projects by the end of 2025 [7][8]. - Nine cities, including Shanghai and Guangzhou, have been included in the first batch of V2G application pilot projects, focusing on various scenarios such as residential charging and public charging stations [8]. Group 3: Economic Incentives - The pricing model for V2G has been clarified, with peak discharge prices reaching up to 0.9626 yuan per kWh, providing a financial incentive for EV owners to participate [8][9]. - The potential earnings from V2G participation can significantly offset the costs of EV ownership, with estimates suggesting a lifetime value of 60,000 to 150,000 yuan for participating users [18]. Group 4: Challenges to Scale - Key challenges include the lack of a unified pricing and revenue distribution mechanism, which affects the willingness of stakeholders to invest in V2G infrastructure [10][11]. - Concerns about battery lifespan and warranty coverage for EVs participating in V2G are significant barriers to broader adoption [11][12]. Group 5: Technological and Market Developments - The cost of V2G charging stations has decreased by over 40% compared to the previous year, making it more feasible for operators to invest in this technology [15][16]. - The technology has matured, with the necessary infrastructure and equipment being validated for broader implementation [15][16]. Group 6: Future Directions - To promote V2G, a sustainable business model must be established that benefits all parties involved, including EV owners, automakers, and grid operators [18][19]. - The establishment of clear national pricing policies for V2G is essential for creating a predictable revenue model, similar to what has been achieved in the solar energy sector [19].