如果将宇宙视为演化的智能体：不确定性、概率与计算主义出现的新诠释

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the intersection of science and philosophy, focusing on the concepts of uncertainty, probability, and computationalism, highlighting their theoretical limitations and proposing a new framework through the Generalized Agent Theory (GAT) [2][17][23]. Summary by Sections Uncertainty - Uncertainty is not an inherent property of nature but a reflection of the cognitive response of limited intelligent agents when their input, storage, and control capabilities are constrained [4][18]. - When an intelligent agent approaches the state of an omniscient being, uncertainty disappears, while in the state of absolute zero intelligence, the concept of uncertainty ceases to exist [18][15]. Probability - Probability is redefined as a tool created by limited intelligent agents to model and predict within their subjective world when they cannot exhaust all information [5][20]. - The emergence of probability is linked to the inherent limitations of intelligent agents, where it serves as a compensatory mechanism for their finite capabilities [20][21]. Computationalism - Computationalism, which posits that all intelligent mechanisms can be reduced to computational processes, is critiqued for assuming that the computational agent is omniscient [21][22]. - The theory emphasizes that real decision-makers operate under limited conditions, thus necessitating a broader understanding of intelligence that includes the concept of information creation beyond mere computation [21][22]. Generalized Agent Theory (GAT) - GAT provides a unified framework that integrates uncertainty, probability, and computationalism, suggesting that these concepts are fundamentally linked to the intelligence level of agents and their subjective-objective dichotomy [6][17][22]. - The theory categorizes intelligent agents into three types based on their information processing capabilities: absolute zero agents, omniscient agents, and limited intelligent agents [8][10]. Implications for Science and Philosophy - The GAT framework redefines the relationship between intelligence, the universe, and scientific methodology, proposing that the universe itself is a dynamic evolving intelligent agent [15][23]. - This perspective aligns with contemporary research in quantum information science and artificial intelligence, suggesting that uncertainty and probability are not just physical limits but also cognitive constructs of intelligent agents [22][23].