“捡钱”时代落幕：并购，成GP的终极考题

Core Viewpoint - The fundamental rules of the primary market are undergoing significant changes, with mergers and acquisitions (M&A) becoming a core competency that general partners (GPs) must master to achieve value reconstruction in industries rather than merely capital arbitrage [2][4]. Group 1: Evolution of Private Equity Investment - The U.S. private equity market has evolved through a clear trajectory characterized by "a century of evolution and four stages of leap," starting from the late 19th century with industrial investments [6]. - The development of the U.S. M&A market has synchronized with private equity, showcasing five distinct waves that have reshaped the industrial landscape [7][8]. - The current phase of private equity in the U.S. is driven by technological innovation, particularly in emerging fields like AI and digital transformation [6][8]. Group 2: China's Private Equity Investment Phases - The 1.0 era (2000-2015) was marked by internet-driven model innovation, where investment opportunities were abundant, and the requirements for investment institutions were relatively low [10]. - The 2.0 era (2015-2025) signifies a shift towards technology innovation, with hard technology becoming a focal point for investment, supported by national policies [11][12]. - The 3.0 era (2025-2035) indicates a trend towards industry consolidation through M&A, driven by increasing exit pressures and government encouragement, with M&A activity in China seeing over 50% year-on-year growth in the first half of 2025 [13]. Group 3: Strategic Focus of Haisheng Capital - Haisheng Capital has recognized structural changes in the industry and elevated M&A to a core strategic level, leveraging its unique advantages accumulated in the hard technology sector [15]. - The firm has built a mature ecosystem in key hard technology areas, enabling it to provide substantial resources and support to acquired companies [16]. - The success of M&A is attributed not only to selecting the right targets but also to effective management post-acquisition, with a team that possesses deep industry backgrounds [18]. Group 4: Timing and Focus in Investment - Haisheng Capital has demonstrated a keen ability to identify investment opportunities at critical market junctures, allowing it to capitalize on undervalued companies during cyclical fluctuations [19]. - The firm maintains a clear strategic focus on advanced technology, green technology, and life sciences, ensuring that it targets sectors with long-term value [20]. - The overarching philosophy of Haisheng Capital emphasizes that M&A is not merely about capital gains but is a vital engine for optimizing and upgrading industrial structures [20][21].