从奶荒到奶源大国，印度如何成为全球最大产奶国？| 声动早咖啡

Core Viewpoint - India is emerging as a significant player in the global dairy market, contributing to ongoing trade tensions, particularly with the U.S. imposing high tariffs on Indian dairy products [3][4]. Group 1: Historical Development of India's Dairy Industry - Over the past 30 years, India has maintained its position as the world's largest milk producer, accounting for one-fourth of global milk production, with a record output of over 240 million tons last year, more than double that of the U.S. [4] - In the early 1940s, India faced severe milk shortages, producing only about 17 million tons annually, prompting government initiatives to improve milk quality [4][5]. - The introduction of cooperative models in the 1940s and 1950s, led by local farmers in Anand, transformed the dairy landscape, allowing farmers to gain better control over pricing and production [6][7]. Group 2: Technological and Structural Innovations - The development of milk powder technology by experts helped stabilize milk supply, addressing seasonal fluctuations in production [5]. - The establishment of the Amul brand in 1957 marked a significant milestone, combining health and nutrition concepts to create new consumer demand [8]. - By 1996, a network of 170 dairy processing centers and over 70,000 village cooperatives had been established, significantly improving farmers' income [9]. Group 3: Current Challenges in the Dairy Sector - Despite the cooperative framework, approximately 60% of India's milk is still purchased by the informal sector, indicating a challenge in formalizing the market [10]. - The average farm size in India is significantly smaller than in the U.S., with Indian farmers averaging only 4 cows per farm compared to 380 in the U.S., leading to lower production efficiency [10]. - Rising feed costs and a previous milk shortage crisis in 2022 highlight the ongoing vulnerabilities within India's dairy farming model [10].