40+固态电池负极材料企业布局进展分析

Core Viewpoint - The solid-state battery anode materials are primarily silicon-based and lithium metal anodes, with silicon-based anodes currently advancing faster in industrialization. The development of lithium metal anodes is slower compared to silicon-based anodes. Solid-state electrolytes offer wider electrochemical windows and higher chemical stability, which can effectively suppress lithium dendrite formation, indicating a short to medium-term trend towards silicon-based anodes in solid-state batteries, with future iterations expected for lithium metal anodes [2][10]. Summary by Sections Anode Materials Overview - The main types of solid-state battery anode materials are silicon-based and lithium metal anodes, with silicon-based anodes showing faster industrialization progress. Lithium metal anodes have high capacity and low electrochemical potential, potentially achieving energy densities above 400 Wh/kg when paired with suitable battery designs [2][10]. Advantages and Disadvantages of Anode Materials - Graphite: Good stability and long cycle life, but low energy density and weak fast charging capabilities [3]. - Silicon-based Anodes: High energy density and abundant resources, but significant volume expansion, short cycle life, and high costs [3]. - Metal Aluminum: High energy density and fast charging advantages, but can produce lithium dendrites [3]. Current Trends in Silicon-based Anodes - Silicon-carbon anodes are currently the preferred choice for solid-state batteries, offering high energy density, safety, and system compatibility. With over 30% silicon content in solid-state batteries, energy density can exceed 500 Wh/kg [5][6]. Safety and Compatibility - Silicon-based anodes have a lower lithium embedding potential of approximately 0.5V, reducing the likelihood of lithium plating during fast charging and preventing dendrite penetration that could cause short circuits. The mechanical modulus of solid electrolytes can buffer the volume changes of silicon-based materials, reducing interfacial resistance and enhancing battery performance [6]. Industry Players and Developments - Numerous companies are emerging in the silicon-based anode market, including established players like BetterRay, Sanyuan, and Puli, which have rapid verification and marketization speeds. New entrants like Tianmu Xian Dao and He Chuang Energy are also making strides [6][7]. Industrialization Progress of Silicon-based Anodes - Companies like BetterRay and Sanyuan are advancing their production capabilities, with BetterRay expected to achieve mass supply by 2025 and Sanyuan completing trial production by the end of 2024. Other companies are also establishing production lines and expanding capacities [7][8]. Lithium Metal Anode Potential - Lithium metal anodes have significant potential in solid-state batteries due to their low density, low chemical potential, and high specific capacity. However, challenges such as lithium dendrite growth need to be addressed for commercial viability. Companies like Ganfeng Lithium and Ningde Times are already working on lithium metal anode-based solid-state batteries [10][11].