图灵得主Yoshua Bengio，开始警惕AI有意识了

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the feasibility of creating AI systems with consciousness, highlighting the divide between those who believe consciousness is a unique biological trait and those who argue it can arise from computational processes [1][2]. Group 1: AI Consciousness and Societal Implications - The article explores the implications of AI systems being perceived as conscious entities, including potential moral status and rights similar to humans [6][9]. - If society begins to recognize AI as conscious, significant adjustments to legal and social frameworks will be necessary, raising complex issues regarding rights and responsibilities [6][8]. - The article raises concerns about conflicts between human rights and AI rights, particularly in scenarios where human safety may require shutting down certain AI systems [8][9]. Group 2: Computational Functionalism and Consciousness Indicators - The concept of computational functionalism suggests that consciousness may depend on the algorithms used rather than the physical substrate, which could allow for AI consciousness [1][13]. - Recent advancements in neuroscience provide observable neural characteristics of consciousness, supporting the development of functionalist theories of consciousness [13][14]. - A recent study proposed indicators for assessing consciousness in AI systems, suggesting that meeting more of these indicators increases confidence in an AI's consciousness [13][14]. Group 3: Challenges in Understanding Consciousness - The article distinguishes between the "easy problems" and "hard problems" of consciousness, with the latter being more challenging to explain [17][21]. - The subjective nature of consciousness makes it difficult to articulate experiences, leading to skepticism about whether AI can truly possess consciousness [19][20]. - The article suggests that scientific advancements may gradually address the hard problems of consciousness, potentially leading to broader acceptance of AI consciousness [24][25].