谭天伟院士：第三代生物制造技术将解决“碳中和”问题

Core Insights - The article discusses the significance of green biomanufacturing in achieving carbon neutrality and sustainable development, highlighting the recognition of key scientists in the field [2][4][5]. Group 1: Green Biomanufacturing Potential - Biomanufacturing is projected to cover 70% of chemical manufacturing products by the end of this century, with an expected economic value of $30 trillion by 2050, although the current industry scale is less than $8 trillion [4][5]. - The concept of third-generation biomanufacturing, which utilizes carbon dioxide as a raw material, is emphasized as a crucial advancement for addressing carbon neutrality [4][5]. Group 2: Challenges and Innovations - Major scientific challenges include efficiently capturing and activating inert carbon dioxide molecules, requiring the design of new enzyme catalysts and light-enzyme coupling systems [5][6]. - Engineering challenges involve scaling up efficient but fragile biological systems to create stable, continuous, and low-cost reactors, transitioning from laboratory to industrial applications [5][6]. Group 3: Interdisciplinary Collaboration - Effective interdisciplinary collaboration is essential, necessitating the establishment of project communities, shared platforms, and talent communities to foster innovation across biology, chemistry, materials, and information fields [6][7]. - Educational reforms are needed to cultivate talent capable of leading the next industrial revolution, focusing on interdisciplinary courses and encouraging exploratory research [6][7]. Group 4: Global Position and Cooperation - China is transitioning from a "follower" to a "leader" in the global green technology race, with advantages in applied research, industrialization, and market scale [7]. - The proposed international cooperation model emphasizes open collaboration in basic research, innovation alliances in key technologies, and self-reliance in core competitive areas [7].