格外仰赖进口！美国万亿AI基建潮急缺这“四宝” 谁能生产？

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing reliance of the U.S. AI infrastructure on foreign suppliers, particularly in the context of power generation and the associated supply chain challenges [1][2]. Group 1: Key Equipment and Components - Four categories of equipment are identified as critically expensive and heavily reliant on foreign sources, coinciding with significant shortages in U.S. power construction [2]. - The heavy-duty utility gas turbine market is dominated by three original equipment manufacturers (OEMs): General Electric's Vernova, Siemens from Germany, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries from Japan, with nearly 50% of the supply in the U.S. coming from imports [2][3]. - The U.S. no longer produces large integrated reactor pressure vessels and related hardware, with recent projects relying on foreign manufacturers like Doosan from South Korea for critical components [4]. - Over 80% of large transformers, essential for transmitting power from plants to the grid, are manufactured by suppliers from countries such as South Korea, Germany, and Canada [5][6]. - Steel and steel products are also highlighted as potential cost-increasing factors, with U.S. project developers often depending on imports to meet cost and capacity needs [7][8]. Group 2: Tariff Impacts - The increase in tariffs on imported goods exacerbates the complexity of AI infrastructure projects, with potential budget increases of 3%-6% translating to hundreds of millions in costs for energy projects [9]. - Tariff impacts are unevenly distributed, and while some allied suppliers benefit from lower tariffs, the overall scale of required materials and equipment still leads to cost increases [9]. Group 3: Labor Shortages - A significant expansion of skilled labor is necessary to support the rapid growth of industrial infrastructure, with current shortages in welders, machinists, and electricians posing a critical bottleneck [10]. - The construction industry in the U.S. is in decline, highlighting the urgent need for skilled labor to meet the demands of upcoming projects [10].