三星堆，科研成果“上新”

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Sanxingdui Forum, themed "Civilization Mutual Learning from an Archaeological Perspective," highlighted significant multidisciplinary research findings from the Sanxingdui site, confirming the sacrificial pits' dating to the late Shang Dynasty and introducing unique bronze casting techniques that contribute to understanding the diversity and unity of Chinese civilization [1][4][6]. Group 1: Dating of Sacrificial Pits - The sacrificial pits No. 3, 4, 6, and 8 have a 95.4% probability of dating between 1201 BC and 1012 BC, corresponding to the late Shang Dynasty [4]. - The discovery of matching fragments from pits No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 indicates they were buried around the same time, providing crucial evidence for establishing a detailed chronological framework for the site [4]. Group 2: Bronze Casting Innovations - Research indicates that the bronze casting technology at Sanxingdui during the late Shang Dynasty was characterized by a core technique of "core-bone—strip core support," effectively addressing the challenges of forming slender and curved objects [6][7]. - This innovation reflects unique technical advancements and local expressions within the existing technological framework, enhancing the understanding of ancient Chinese bronze casting systems and the mechanisms of cultural exchange in bronze technology [7]. Group 3: Multidisciplinary Research Findings - Significant findings include the estimated use of over 2 kilograms of gold at the Sanxingdui site, with gold artifacts made from gold-silver alloys, likely sourced from stable placer gold mines and refined using the cupellation method [10]. - The painted bronze artifacts utilized cinnabar and lacquer, representing the earliest known copper-lacquered items in China, revealing a close connection between the Sanxingdui and Jinsha sites through lacquer technology [10]. - The standardization trends in pottery, particularly in the Shang Dynasty, indicate a shift towards more uniform shapes and sizes, supporting the rise of a high-density population reliant on intensive wetland rice agriculture [11]. - Research on ivory artifacts led to the development of preservation techniques, ensuring that excavated ivory can be maintained and displayed in regular environments [11]. Group 4: Future Research Directions - The Sanxingdui site will continue to advance archaeological excavations, artifact preservation, and multidisciplinary research to explore unknown aspects and reveal origins, aiming to showcase the brilliance of ancient Shu civilization and the diverse unity of Chinese civilization [13].