让北川进等获化学诺奖的“金属有机框架结构”是什么？

Core Viewpoint - The Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2025 has been awarded to Professor Jin Kitagawa from Kyoto University and two other scientists for their groundbreaking research on Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which have significant implications for decarbonization, drug development, and various chemical industries [2][4]. Group 1: MOF Technology - MOFs are materials capable of efficiently separating, recovering, and storing gases, with a rapidly expanding global research and industrial application landscape [5]. - The internal structure of MOFs is filled with micropores, providing a surface area equivalent to that of a football field per gram, allowing for substantial adsorption of specific molecules [5]. - Current applications of MOFs include maintaining fruit freshness and semiconductor manufacturing, with future potential in decarbonization by separating and recovering CO2 from industrial emissions or air [5]. Group 2: Award Recipients and Contributions - The award recognizes the contributions of three scientists: Jin Kitagawa, Richard Robson from the University of Melbourne, and Omar Yaghi from the University of California, Berkeley [4]. - Jin Kitagawa discovered porous materials formed from metal-organic compounds in 1989, leading to a global research surge [5]. - Richard Robson's research in 1989 demonstrated the ion exchange capabilities of these structures, while Omar Yaghi improved the stability of MOFs at high temperatures in 1999, expanding their industrial applications [5]. Group 3: Future Applications and Vision - The potential of MOFs in capturing and separating components from the air, such as CO2, oxygen, or water, is emphasized as crucial for societal and environmental sustainability [5]. - The ability to design MOFs to allow target substances to naturally enter their micropores positions them as a low-cost, high-efficiency solution for gas separation and recovery [5].