回答关于“十五五”时期的几个关键问题

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes that the "15th Five-Year Plan" period is crucial for achieving the 2035 long-term goals, requiring a focus on stability and progress amidst external challenges [5][6]. - The "15th Five-Year Plan" aims for significant achievements in high-quality development, technological self-reliance, deepening reforms, and improving people's living standards [5][6]. - The period is characterized by a complex and changing development environment, necessitating a focus on self-reliance in technology and strengthening the security of industrial chains [7][8]. Group 2 - The main policy focus during the "15th Five-Year Plan" will be on independent innovation and technological self-reliance, which are seen as the three pillars of high-quality development [8][9]. - The emphasis on technological self-reliance is driven by both external pressures, such as increased tariffs and restrictions from other countries, and internal limitations of the previous growth model [9][10]. - Maintaining a reasonable proportion of the manufacturing sector is essential, as it represents a significant part of the economy and is crucial for sustaining growth [10][12]. Group 3 - Fiscal and monetary policies during the "15th Five-Year Plan" will focus on providing resources for major national strategies and implementing counter-cyclical adjustments to stabilize the economy [13][14]. - The fiscal policy is expected to maintain a high budget deficit to support economic growth, with specific targets set for deficit rates and special bonds [14]. - There will be a shift in fiscal spending towards improving people's livelihoods, emphasizing investment in education, healthcare, and social security [15][16]. Group 4 - The "15th Five-Year Plan" will prioritize human development, with a focus on improving living standards and addressing urgent social issues [15][16]. - Investment in human capital will be crucial, shifting from a focus on physical investment to enhancing social services and public welfare [16][18]. - The government will aim to stimulate consumption and improve income distribution to support economic growth and social stability [15][16].