美国评级，突遭下调！发生了什么？

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the downgrade of the United States' sovereign credit rating by Scope Ratings from "AA" to "AA-", citing deteriorating public finances and declining government governance standards as primary reasons [1]. Group 1: Credit Rating Downgrade - Scope Ratings has downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating due to ongoing deterioration in public finances, characterized by high fiscal deficits, rising interest expenditures, and limited budget flexibility [1]. - The report predicts that without substantial reforms, U.S. government debt as a percentage of GDP could rise to 140% by 2030, significantly higher than most sovereign nations [1]. - The outlook for the U.S. rating is "stable," with balanced risks for upgrades and downgrades over the next 12 to 18 months [1]. Group 2: Government Shutdown Impact - The U.S. federal government debt exceeded $38 trillion as of October 21, 2023, marking a significant increase from $37 trillion just two months prior [2]. - The ongoing government shutdown, which has lasted for 24 days as of October 24, 2023, is estimated to reduce economic growth by 0.1% to 0.2% for each week it continues [2]. Group 3: Other Rating Agencies' Actions - Fitch Ratings downgraded the U.S. credit outlook to "negative" in July 2023, citing policy risks and long-term fiscal challenges, projecting that government debt could exceed 135% of GDP by 2029 [3]. - Moody's downgraded the U.S. sovereign credit rating from AAA to AA1 in May 2023, reflecting a significant increase in government debt and interest payment ratios compared to similarly rated countries [3]. Group 4: Economic Impact of Trade Policies - The new U.S. government's imposition of tariffs on trade partners has significantly hampered the domestic economy [4].