郑永年看“十五五”：以“中国人经济”拓展经济外延

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of enhancing technological self-reliance and independence as a key goal for China's economic and social development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, with a focus on building a modern industrial system and boosting consumption through the development of the real economy [1][3][4]. Summary by Sections Economic Goals and Strategies - The "14th Five-Year Plan" aims for significant improvements in economic strength, technological capabilities, national defense, and overall national power by 2035, with a target of achieving a per capita GDP comparable to that of moderately developed countries [1][5]. - Key strategies include building a modern industrial system, strengthening the real economy, and accelerating high-level technological self-reliance to lead new productive forces [1][4]. Technological Self-Reliance - The concept of "technological self-reliance" reflects a shift in China's approach to technology, moving from merely acquiring technology from international markets to focusing on qualitative breakthroughs in technology development [3][4]. - The article highlights the need for increased investment in technology and research and development to adapt to complex external conditions, particularly in light of challenges such as trade wars and the COVID-19 pandemic [3][4]. Manufacturing and Consumption - The article stresses the critical role of manufacturing in enhancing consumption levels, arguing that simply providing financial incentives is insufficient; instead, a robust manufacturing sector is essential for creating wealth and improving overall consumption [6][7]. - It notes that China's current per capita GDP of over $13,400 must grow to approximately $30,000 within ten years to reach the target set for moderately developed countries, emphasizing the need for a strong manufacturing base to achieve this goal [5][6]. Investment in People - The article discusses the shift from investing in physical infrastructure to investing in human capital, highlighting the importance of education, technology, and talent development as central to economic and technological advancement [8][9]. - It argues that the ultimate goal of economic and technological development is to improve people's livelihoods, making "investment in people" a crucial aspect of the development strategy [8][9]. Global Economic Engagement - The article introduces the concept of "Chinese people’s economy," which encompasses the global economic activities of Chinese individuals and businesses, suggesting that both domestic and international economic strategies are essential for comprehensive economic development [9][10]. - It emphasizes the need for Chinese enterprises to engage in international markets while simultaneously strengthening the domestic economy [9].