生物制造，“十五五规划”未来10年, 中国如何再造一个高技术产业？

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significance of synthetic biology and green bio-manufacturing as key drivers for China's future economic growth and technological advancement, particularly in the context of the 14th Five-Year Plan [4][6]. Group 1: Importance of Bio-Manufacturing - Bio-manufacturing is identified as a foundational element for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing sector, representing a new form of productive capacity that can empower nearly all manufacturing categories [6]. - It is highlighted as a sustainable and low-carbon industry direction, addressing China's deficiencies in oil and arable land [6]. - The potential scale of the bio-manufacturing industry is immense, with the U.S. alone planning a $30 trillion bio-manufacturing market, equivalent to recreating another U.S. economy [6][7]. - Bio-manufacturing is positioned as a major capital-absorbing sector, potentially becoming the largest funding pool following the collapse of the real estate bubble [6]. Group 2: Strategic Importance - The strategic importance of bio-manufacturing is compared to that of chip manufacturing, with projections indicating it could account for one-third of global manufacturing output by the end of the century [7]. - Countries are actively positioning themselves in the bio-manufacturing space, recognizing it as a focal point in global strategic competition [7][8]. - The U.S. has set a goal to replace 90% of traditional plastics with bio-based products within 20 years, while the EU plans to implement a carbon border adjustment mechanism by 2027, creating new trade barriers for high-carbon products from China [8]. Group 3: Future Development in China - Despite China holding 70% of global fermentation capacity, challenges such as a lack of proprietary strains and limitations in core software tools hinder its competitive edge in bio-manufacturing [9]. - Mastering foundational technologies is deemed crucial for the development of China's bio-manufacturing sector over the next decade [10]. - Recommendations include establishing high-level research platforms, promoting collaborative innovation between industry and academia, and enhancing market mechanisms to empower enterprises in research direction and decision-making [10]. - Calls for top-level design focus on tackling cutting-edge areas like CO2 bioconversion and future food manufacturing, aiming to address both green chemical alternatives and protein supply security [10].