深度研讨储能电站安全——消防选择与防控核心目标

Core Viewpoint - The safety of the energy storage industry is crucial for sustainable development, and establishing an effective safety prevention system is a focal point for the entire industry chain [2]. Group 1: Current Safety Challenges - The energy storage industry is experiencing explosive growth, with an estimated 165.4 GW of new energy storage operational by the end of 2024, of which lithium-ion batteries account for 97.5% [4]. - There have been over 100 cumulative safety incidents in global energy storage, highlighting significant safety risks within the industry [4]. - Experts agree that there is a long way to go in ensuring safety in energy storage stations, emphasizing the need for accident prevention and control [4]. Group 2: Technical Bottlenecks and Challenges - Current technological measures cannot completely resolve safety issues, with various factors affecting the reliability of equipment during operation [6]. - The inherent risks of energy storage systems stem from the high energy density of individual battery cells and the consistency issues among them [6]. Group 3: Firefighting Strategies - Firefighting systems must be tailored to the characteristics of energy storage scenarios, focusing on controllable and preventable fire hazards [7]. - Different energy storage systems require distinct safety objectives, leading to varied firefighting designs [8]. Group 4: Fire Extinguishing Technologies - Two effective fire extinguishing methods currently in use are perfluorohexane and foam extinguishing, each suitable for different application scenarios [9]. - Compressed air foam technology has shown superior effectiveness in extinguishing battery pack fires by isolating oxygen and providing cooling [9]. Group 5: Prevention Measures - A comprehensive safety prevention design is essential for controlling accidents before they occur, involving product design, quality control, and efficient operation [11]. - The integration of AI for fire prevention and safety prediction is highlighted as a key future research direction in energy storage safety [11]. Group 6: Safety Bottom Line - Experts agree that completely eliminating thermal runaway is unrealistic; instead, a controllable approach should be adopted, including the use of firewalls to prevent fire spread [13]. - Both firefighting and pressure relief are essential for large-scale energy storage stations, emphasizing the importance of early fire suppression and subsequent pressure management [14]. Group 7: Industry Consensus - The industry aims for a safety level that ensures minor incidents are controllable and major incidents are preventable, with a focus on minimizing casualties and losses through proper design and training [15].