今晚迎美联储年内最后一次降息？专访惠誉首席经济学家→

Core Viewpoint - The current interest rate cut cycle by the Federal Reserve may not replicate the decisive and aggressive policy execution seen in previous cycles due to the conflicting dual mandate of maintaining price stability and full employment [3][11]. Economic Conditions - The labor market data is missing due to the government shutdown, and the economy is facing slowing pressures. Tariff policies are expected to accelerate inflation transmission, pushing core inflation to 3.5% in the second half of the year [4][8]. - The global economy is experiencing significant slowdown, with the U.S. economic growth expected to drop from nearly 3% in 2023 and 2024 to between 1.5% and 2% this year [13]. Federal Reserve's Challenges - The lack of reliable economic data due to the government shutdown complicates the Federal Reserve's policy decisions, leading to a "blind flying" situation without crucial labor market indicators [6][10]. - The Fed's cautious approach to rate cuts is influenced by the current economic conditions, with expectations of only one more rate cut this year as they await better information [10][11]. Inflation and Tariff Impact - The transmission of tariffs to inflation has been slower than expected, but it is anticipated to accelerate, with core inflation projected to rise to 3.5% by year-end [8][12]. - The current high tariff rates, around 16%-17%, are expected to further complicate the Fed's dual mandate of managing inflation and labor market conditions [8][12]. Global Economic Outlook - The global growth rate is projected to be around 2.4% this year, significantly below the historical trend of 2.7%-2.8% [13]. - Emerging markets have shown relative resilience, with smaller-than-expected impacts from tariffs and progress in controlling inflation, but there are concerns about potential negative trade data in the second half of the year [14][15][16]. Future Risks - The inflation shock from U.S. tariffs may pose a significant downside risk to the global economy in 2026, potentially leading to a reassessment of market expectations regarding the Fed's policy path [17].