11月起HPV疫苗纳入免疫规划：为何满13周岁女孩接种？免疫欠账怎么补？

Core Viewpoint - The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program is a significant step towards reducing cervical cancer incidence in China, particularly by targeting girls aged 13 and above for vaccination [3][4]. Summary by Sections Vaccination Plan - The HPV vaccine will be provided free of charge to girls born after November 10, 2011, who are 13 years old, with a schedule of two doses administered six months apart starting from November 10, 2025 [3][4]. - The initiative aims to reduce the social costs associated with cervical cancer prevention by ensuring that more eligible females receive the vaccine before potential sexual exposure [3]. Target Population - The decision to target girls aged 13 aligns with research indicating that vaccination between the ages of 9-14 generates a stronger immune response, providing better protection against HPV [6][7]. - The high-risk age groups for HPV infection in China are identified as 17-24 years and 40-44 years, emphasizing the need for early vaccination [7]. Implementation Challenges - Despite previous efforts in 18 provinces to include HPV vaccination in public health projects, actual vaccination rates remain low, with school-based vaccination being a critical bottleneck [3][4][14]. - The transition from local to central funding for vaccination programs poses challenges in policy implementation and coverage [3][12]. Catch-Up Vaccination - The plan includes provisions for catch-up vaccinations for girls who missed the initial vaccination opportunity, allowing them to receive the vaccine before turning 18 [11][12]. - Concerns exist regarding the execution of catch-up programs, particularly for mobile populations and areas with lower vaccination rates [12][13]. School-Based Vaccination - The article discusses the potential for school-based vaccination programs to improve accessibility and increase vaccination rates among eligible girls [14][15]. - Collaboration between health and education departments is essential for the successful implementation of school-based vaccination strategies [15]. Economic Impact - The inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the national immunization program is expected to stabilize vaccine prices, as the government procurement price has already reached a low of 27 yuan per dose [19][20]. - Experts suggest that the focus should shift from price competition to ensuring vaccine quality and maintaining supply [20][21]. Future Considerations - The integration of HPV vaccination with cervical cancer screening programs could enhance overall cancer prevention strategies, potentially reducing healthcare costs associated with treatment [17][18]. - The long-term effectiveness of the vaccination program will take 15-20 years to manifest, necessitating sustained efforts in vaccination and public health education [4][13].