揭秘资金盘生态圈：散户成了接盘侠

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the emergence and evolution of Ponzi schemes, emphasizing their deceptive nature and the risks they pose to investors, particularly in the context of a growing ecosystem that facilitates these schemes [3][7]. Group 1: Types and Characteristics of Ponzi Schemes - Ponzi schemes can be categorized into ten types, including online shopping, investment and financial management, entrepreneurship, tourism, education, charity, intermediary platforms, franchise models, sales rewards, and stock fund investments [6]. - These schemes exploit human weaknesses by promoting phrases like "guaranteed profits," "high returns," and "government support," targeting inexperienced investors seeking quick gains [6][9]. - Ponzi schemes exhibit characteristics of pyramid schemes, relying on recruitment to sustain operations, with no actual revenue generation [6][9]. Group 2: The Ecosystem of Ponzi Schemes - The Ponzi scheme ecosystem consists of three layers: the "operators" at the top, "team leaders" in the middle, and individual investors at the bottom [7][10]. - Operators often hide abroad, designing the framework and rules of the schemes, while team leaders play a crucial role in recruitment and promotion, leveraging their experience to attract new investors [8][9]. - Team leaders may offer guarantees to potential recruits, creating a false sense of security and encouraging participation in these schemes [8]. Group 3: Risks and Consequences - The article notes that as Ponzi schemes become more sophisticated, they often utilize covert and cross-border financial transactions, making it difficult for authorities to track and intervene [7][10]. - Team leaders and their recruits may not remain loyal to any single scheme, often moving on to new opportunities once they have maximized their gains, leaving later investors to bear the losses [9]. - Legal perspectives suggest that participants in Ponzi schemes are considered "capital contributors" rather than "victims," indicating a need for greater public awareness and resistance to high-yield temptations [10].