专访AMRO首席经济学家何东：国际货币体系存在较大网络效应，数字货币兴起带来显著机遇

Group 1: International Monetary Landscape - The international monetary landscape is undergoing significant changes, with a trend towards diversification of non-dollar currencies [1] - The rise of digital currencies and blockchain technology presents opportunities for inclusive finance and cross-border payments [2][12] Group 2: Economic Outlook - The international economic situation is influenced by U.S. tariff policies and the rapid development of artificial intelligence, leading to a more positive outlook for the Asia-Pacific region than initially expected [5][6] - China's foreign trade has shown resilience and vitality, suggesting stability despite external uncertainties [7] Group 3: ASEAN and Regional Cooperation - The ASEAN+3 region (ASEAN plus China, Japan, and South Korea) remains one of the fastest-growing economic areas globally, with significant potential for investment and trade growth [8] - Strengthening integration and reducing non-tariff barriers within ASEAN can enhance productivity and income for local enterprises [8] Group 4: De-dollarization and Currency Alternatives - The trend of de-dollarization is accelerating, with countries considering risk management strategies in response to the weakening of the U.S. dollar [10][11] - The potential for other sovereign currencies, such as the euro and renminbi, to gain prominence in the international monetary system is increasing [11] Group 5: Digital Currency Challenges and Opportunities - Digital currencies offer significant opportunities for financial inclusion and cost reduction in cross-border payments, but they also pose challenges in maintaining financial stability and preventing illicit activities [12][13] - The development of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) is still in the exploratory phase, with varying strategies across countries [15] Group 6: Renminbi Internationalization - High-level openness in China's economy is crucial for the internationalization of the renminbi, supported by stable economic growth and deepening financial markets [16] - The gradual process of renminbi internationalization is influenced by external factors, including U.S. policy frameworks and China's capital market openness [17]