产业链精炼：AI电力投资的核心机会与布局逻辑

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that electricity has become a critical bottleneck for AI development, highlighting that without sufficient power, even the most advanced AI systems cannot function effectively [2][4]. Group 1: AI Data Center (AIDC) and Power Supply - AIDC is likened to a "super luxury house" for AI, where power and electrical equipment are essential for operation [6]. - The demand for power supply in AI servers has doubled, with traditional servers requiring two 800W power supplies now upgraded to four 1800W high-power supplies [8]. - The efficiency of power conversion is crucial; a 1% drop in efficiency can lead to additional costs of several million yuan annually for a gigawatt-level data center [9]. Group 2: Electrical Equipment - Upgrading electrical equipment is necessary to support AI data centers, focusing on three categories: transformers, cooling equipment, and backup power systems [10]. - Transformers now need to upgrade from 10kV to 110kV, with dry-type transformers gaining market traction due to their higher efficiency [11]. - AI servers generate 6-8 times more heat than traditional models, necessitating the adoption of immersion cooling systems, which are significantly more efficient [11]. Group 3: Medium-Term Opportunities - Solid-state transformers (SST) are identified as a key medium-term opportunity, with a projected market size reaching hundreds of billions by 2030 [12][15]. - SSTs offer superior efficiency and adaptability for high-power data centers, making them a tailored solution for AI needs [14]. Group 4: Long-Term Opportunities - The article discusses long-term opportunities in thorium molten salt reactors and nuclear fusion as revolutionary energy solutions for AI's power demands [20][21]. - Thorium reactors are highlighted for their safety, sustainability, and alignment with carbon neutrality goals, with significant market potential projected [22]. - Nuclear fusion is still in early stages but shows promise for future energy solutions, with potential commercialization predicted for 2040 [24][25]. Group 5: Investment Strategy - The article suggests a phased investment approach: short-term focus on AIDC power supplies and electrical equipment, medium-term on materials like SST, and long-term on energy revolution technologies [26].