联合国环境署：形势依然严峻

Core Viewpoint - The United Nations Environment Programme's report indicates that global warming remains a severe issue, with current climate commitments under the Paris Agreement only slightly alleviating the trend of rising global temperatures, leading to increased climate risks and damages [1]. Group 1: Climate Goals and Emission Reduction - The Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in global average temperature to within 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to keep it within 1.5 degrees Celsius [1]. - To achieve these temperature goals, global greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced by 35% and 55% from 2019 levels by 2035 [1]. - The report suggests that without significant emission reductions, global warming could exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius within the next decade [1]. Group 2: Expected Temperature Increases - If countries fully implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), global warming is projected to reach between 2.3 to 2.5 degrees Celsius this century, while current policies could lead to a rise of 2.8 degrees Celsius [1]. - These projections show slight improvements compared to last year's report, but emphasize the need for faster and more substantial greenhouse gas reductions to mitigate climate risks [1]. Group 3: Technological Capabilities - The report highlights that since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, the necessary low-carbon technologies for significant emission reductions are available, with the wind and solar industries driving down application costs [2]. - This indicates that the international community has the capability to accelerate climate action if there is a collective commitment [2].