到2040年将温室气体排放量减少90%！COP30前欧盟减排目标出炉

Core Viewpoint - The European Union (EU) has established a legally binding target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040, alongside new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) goals for 2035, marking a significant step in global climate governance ahead of COP30 [3][6][7]. Group 1: EU Climate Goals - The EU's new target includes a commitment to achieve 85% domestic emission reductions and up to 5% through international carbon credits [3][6]. - The updated NDC aims for a reduction of 66.25% to 72.5% in net emissions from 1990 levels by 2035 [3][6]. - The EU's climate law, established in 2021, set a goal for climate neutrality by 2050 and a minimum 55% reduction in emissions by 2030 [6][7]. Group 2: Challenges and Measures - The decision-making process within the EU has been complex, influenced by geopolitical issues, which delayed the submission of the NDC [8][9]. - To facilitate emission reductions, the EU will allow member states to purchase international carbon credits starting in 2036 and will enable flexibility in policy tools to address shortfalls in specific areas [9]. - The implementation of carbon trading systems for buildings and road transport has been postponed from 2027 to 2028 [9]. Group 3: Global Climate Context - The year 2023 marks the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement, highlighting the importance of global climate action [8]. - The UNCTAD reports a significant decrease in the costs of clean energy, with solar project costs dropping by 41% and onshore wind costs being 53% lower than fossil fuel generation [11]. - The sustainable cooling market is projected to be worth $600 billion, with potential earnings of $8 trillion for developing countries by 2050 [11]. Group 4: Trade Barriers - Tariffs and standards remain obstacles to the growth of green industries, with average tariffs on solar and wind components in developed economies at 1.9% and as high as 7.1% in Africa [12]. - The average tariff for plant-based plastic alternatives is 14.4%, double that of traditional plastics, which could hinder the transition to sustainable materials [12].