阳性率上升！除了流感，这种病毒也开始高发

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant increase in respiratory infections among children during the autumn and winter seasons, with various pathogens circulating, particularly influenza and rhinovirus, leading to a rise in outpatient visits at children's hospitals [1][2]. Group 1: Respiratory Infection Trends - There has been a notable rise in the number of outpatient visits for respiratory infections in children's hospitals, with symptoms such as persistent cough, runny nose, and fever being common among affected children [1]. - According to the China CDC, influenza has become the leading pathogen in outpatient settings, with a positive detection rate of 17.5% for influenza-like cases [1]. - The infection rates for rhinovirus are also high, particularly among children aged 14 and below, while respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is showing an upward trend in northern provinces [1]. Group 2: Symptoms and Treatment - Common symptoms of respiratory viral infections include fever, cough, phlegm, sore throat, sneezing, and runny nose, but different viruses exhibit distinct characteristics [2]. - RSV primarily affects infants under 2 years old, presenting with symptoms like runny nose, low fever, and cough, while severe cases may lead to respiratory distress [2]. - Influenza typically presents with more severe systemic symptoms, whereas rhinovirus infections are generally milder, resembling common colds [2]. Group 3: Treatment Guidelines - There are significant differences in treatment approaches for various viral infections; both rhinovirus and RSV lack specific antiviral medications, and treatment focuses on supportive care [2]. - For confirmed influenza cases, prompt administration of antiviral medications can effectively alleviate symptoms, but these medications are not beneficial for other viral infections [2]. - The use of antibiotics is discouraged for any viral infections, as they do not provide any benefit [2]. Group 4: Influenza Virus Characteristics - Current circulating influenza strains are predominantly the H3N2 subtype, which accounts for over 98% of detected cases [3]. - The H3N2 subtype is a common seasonal flu strain, and vaccination is emphasized as the most effective and economical method to prevent severe illness from influenza [3]. - Available influenza vaccines are effective against the currently circulating H3N2 strain [3].