安世半导体问题凸显欧洲“脱中国”道路艰难

Core Viewpoint - The suspension of the administrative order by the Dutch government regarding Nexperia has somewhat resolved the semiconductor issue, but the Chinese government's counteractions exceeded expectations, highlighting Europe's declining negotiation capabilities in the context of its efforts to reduce reliance on China [1][11]. Group 1: Nexperia's Situation - The Dutch government invoked the Commodity Supply Act to take control of Nexperia due to concerns over technology transfer, marking the first use of this law since its establishment in 1952 [3][4]. - Following the Dutch government's actions, the Chinese government halted the export of Nexperia's final products produced in China, which accounted for 80% of the semiconductor processes for automotive electronic control units [4][11]. - Major automotive manufacturers like Honda and Nissan faced production halts and adjustments due to semiconductor shortages caused by the tensions between the Netherlands and China [5]. Group 2: European Dependence on China - Europe has been attempting to reduce its economic activities with China, but the reliance on Chinese resources and strategic materials remains significant, with 80% of lithium and 50% of rare earths used in EU vehicle batteries imported from China [7]. - One-third of traditional semiconductors used in Europe are imported from China, indicating a substantial dependency in the semiconductor sector [10]. - The EU's trade deficit with China in 2024 is projected to reach €305.8 billion, which is 2.7 times higher than a decade ago, with a significant deficit of €9.8 billion in the semiconductor sector alone [10]. Group 3: International Negotiations and Responses - The Dutch government emphasized its cooperation with European partners, but actual negotiations with China were primarily conducted by the Netherlands, revealing a lack of a cohesive EU framework for managing strategic technology companies [11]. - The U.S. has taken steps to coordinate actions to soften China's stance, leading to a conditional lifting of export bans on Nexperia products following a summit between U.S. and Chinese leaders [11].