流感发病率最高，排毒时间更长，儿童如何用药→

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increased susceptibility of children aged 5-14 to influenza, indicating a higher positive detection rate compared to other age groups, and emphasizes the need for awareness and timely treatment for high-risk populations, particularly young children and those with underlying health conditions [3][4]. Group 1: Influenza Impact on Children - Children are identified as a high-risk group for influenza, with an annual infection rate of approximately 20%-30%, which can reach up to 50% during peak seasons [3]. - Specific high-risk children include those under 5 years old, especially those under 2, premature infants, and those with underlying health issues such as respiratory or cardiovascular diseases [3][4]. - The article notes that children often experience longer viral shedding periods, contributing to their role as significant transmitters of the virus within communities [4]. Group 2: Complications and Economic Burden - Common complications from influenza in children include pneumonia, neurological issues (e.g., encephalitis), and musculoskeletal damage, with a high mortality rate associated with severe neurological complications [4]. - The economic burden of influenza is significant, leading to school absenteeism and parental work absence due to caregiving responsibilities [4]. Group 3: Treatment Recommendations - The article references the 2025 Influenza Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines, which emphasize the importance of early detection and antiviral treatment for high-risk groups, including children under 5 and the elderly [5]. - Antiviral medications currently used in pediatric care include Oseltamivir, Baloxavir, and Peramivir, with specific recommendations based on age and weight [5].