流感流行进入上升期，还有必要接种疫苗吗？

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the rising trend of influenza cases in China, with a reported positive rate of nearly 45% among flu-like cases, indicating a significant increase in flu activity across the country [1][2][3]. Group 1: Current Situation of Influenza - The positive rate of influenza among flu-like cases reached 44.8% during the 47th week of the year, indicating a substantial rise in flu activity [2][3]. - Hospitals in major cities like Beijing and Shanghai are experiencing a high volume of pediatric patients with fever, with a notable increase in flu-positive cases among children and adolescents [2][3]. Group 2: Understanding Influenza Monitoring - The positive rate of 44.8% serves as a key indicator for assessing the intensity of influenza outbreaks [3]. - Various pathogens, including influenza, can cause acute respiratory infections, making it essential to confirm flu cases among flu-like symptoms [3]. Group 3: Health Protection Measures - To protect health during the flu season, it is recommended to control the source of infection, cut off transmission routes, and prioritize the protection of vulnerable populations [4]. - Health monitoring in key institutions such as schools and nursing homes is crucial for early detection and management of outbreaks [4]. Group 4: Vaccination Insights - Vaccination is emphasized as the most effective and economical method for preventing influenza, with recommendations for eligible populations to get vaccinated promptly [5][6]. - The updated flu vaccine for the current season shows improved matching for the H3N2 strain, with over 95% similarity to circulating strains [5]. - Even if individuals have previously contracted influenza, vaccination is still advised to enhance immunity and reduce the severity of future infections [6]. Group 5: Treatment Options - Antiviral medications like Oseltamivir and Baloxavir are highlighted as effective treatments for confirmed influenza cases, with specific usage guidelines based on patient demographics [6]. - It is noted that antiviral medications may not provide immediate relief from symptoms like high fever, and additional medications may be needed for symptom management [6].