L0-L5自动驾驶，责任如何划分？

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has officially announced the first batch of L3 conditional autonomous driving vehicle permits in China, marking a significant step from testing to commercial application for L3 autonomous driving [1] Summary by Categories Autonomous Driving Levels - The article outlines the differences between L0 to L5 levels of autonomous driving, detailing the driving methods, control subjects, and responsibility subjects for each level [2] - L0: Emergency assistance, human-driven, driver responsible - L1: Partial driving assistance, driver can take feet off pedals, driver responsible - L2: Combined driving assistance, driver can take hands off the wheel, driver responsible - L3: Conditional autonomous driving, driver can take eyes off the road, system responsible, with the driver as the primary responsible party in China; internationally, the vehicle manufacturer is responsible during system activation but may shift responsibility back to the driver when needed - L4: High-level autonomous driving, driver can take brain off driving, system responsible, with different responsibility structures in China and internationally - L5: Fully autonomous driving, no human intervention required, system responsible [2]