150项，中国科学院自主研制科学仪器全览

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of self-developed scientific instruments by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, highlighting the need for innovation in high-end scientific instruments to reduce reliance on imports and enhance technological independence [2][3][4]. Group 1: Overview of Scientific Instruments - The "2025 Product Catalog of Self-Developed Scientific Instruments by the Chinese Academy of Sciences" includes 150 core instruments across five major fields: mathematical and astronomical sciences, chemical and material sciences, information and engineering sciences, earth and environmental sciences, and life and medical sciences [2][4]. - The catalog aims to promote the application and sustainable development of self-developed scientific instruments, providing a reference for researchers, relevant departments, and enterprises [4]. Group 2: Historical Context and Development - The Chinese Academy of Sciences has been focusing on the innovation and development of high-end scientific instruments since the "Eighth Five-Year Plan," supported by various governmental departments [3]. - Over the years, significant achievements have been made in the development of scientific instruments, leading to the accumulation of key core technologies and the cultivation of talent in instrument research and application [3]. Group 3: Instrument Applications and Innovations - The catalog features a variety of instruments, such as high-resolution spectrometers for astronomical observations, advanced Raman spectroscopy systems for material analysis, and portable gamma-ray imaging devices for environmental monitoring [5][6][7]. - Instruments like the high-precision atomic clocks and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors are highlighted for their applications in navigation, quantum communication, and fundamental physics research [7][8][9]. Group 4: Specific Instrument Examples - The catalog includes instruments like the high-resolution optical spectrometer for astronomical measurements, the low-temperature vacuum microscope for Raman spectroscopy, and the high-precision micro-thrust measurement device for satellite engine calibration [6][8][12]. - Advanced technologies such as MEMS-based gas chromatography and high-performance modular instrument platforms are also featured, showcasing the innovative capabilities of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [12][13].