长线思维下的文明演变及体制韧性

Group 1 - The core idea of the article emphasizes the need to awaken long-term awareness among voters and shareholders, integrating long-term elements into social contracts and performance evaluation systems for corporate leaders [2][3] - Long-termism focuses on historical scales of centuries or even millennia, addressing the evolution of civilization, resilience of national systems, and long-term prosperity [2][4] - The article advocates for promoting long-term thinking as a starting point to address significant challenges facing humanity today [2][5] Group 2 - The "Axial Age" concept introduced by philosopher Karl Jaspers highlights the independent development of four major civilizations, laying the foundation for human society [4] - The fusion of Greek and Hebrew civilizations, referred to as "Two希文明," played a crucial role in the Renaissance, religious reform, and the birth of modern thought and science [4][5] - The article discusses the liberation from "theocracy" and "monarchy" as pivotal moments that shaped modernity and modern civilization [7][10] Group 3 - The Renaissance marked the beginning of humanism, shifting societal focus from the divine to human-centered values, fostering individual freedom and dignity [7][8] - The Reformation initiated by Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of religious freedom and the principle of state sovereignty [8][11] - Enlightenment thinkers contributed to the development of modern values such as freedom, equality, and democracy, which became foundational to modern education and governance [11][12] Group 4 - The article highlights the importance of institutional resilience in navigating significant changes and challenges, using the United States, Japan, and Argentina as case studies [18][27] - The U.S. has demonstrated strong institutional resilience, successfully adapting to major changes since the Industrial Revolution, while Japan and Argentina faced significant economic challenges [20][25] - The concept of "institutional resilience" is proposed as a key factor in understanding national competitiveness and long-term growth [27][29] Group 5 - The article suggests that China's long-term policies since the reform and opening up in 1978 have contributed significantly to its economic achievements [29][30] - It emphasizes the need for China to continue leveraging long-term thinking to address global challenges and contribute to future developments [30]