Physical Intelligence内部员工分享（从数采到VLA再到RL）

Core Insights - The article discusses the current state of robot learning as of December 2025, emphasizing that most systems rely on behavior cloning (BC) and the challenges associated with it [8][41]. - It highlights the importance of human demonstrations in training robot learning systems and the need for innovative solutions to improve robustness and efficiency [74]. Group 1: Behavior Cloning and Its Challenges - Behavior cloning systems require high-quality data from human demonstrations, which are often slow to collect and expensive to scale [12][22]. - The primary issues with behavior cloning include the inability to generalize beyond the training data, leading to performance degradation in out-of-distribution (OOD) states [20][26]. - The article outlines the necessity of developing models that can recover from failure states and adapt to new situations, suggesting a DAgger-style approach to training [30][36]. Group 2: Future Directions in Robot Learning - The article predicts that human demonstrations will remain crucial for the foreseeable future, with a call for the development of integrated hardware and software systems to streamline the training process [74]. - It anticipates that within two years, video model backbones will replace current VLA systems, and within ten years, world models will effectively simulate general open-world interaction strategies [75]. - The need for real robot rollouts is emphasized as essential for achieving superhuman performance, indicating that traditional simulation methods may not suffice [75]. Group 3: Industry Implications - The article suggests that companies focusing on creating effective human demonstration systems will become attractive partners or acquisition targets in the robotics industry [74]. - It warns that data labeling and pre-training data sales are highly commoditized and require operational excellence to succeed [75]. - The importance of internal evaluation processes is highlighted, as they are critical for model improvement and cannot be outsourced [75].