65万人中招！这种病毒仅次于流感

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights a significant increase in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases in China during November 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, with a total of 26.93 million cases reported nationwide, indicating a sixfold increase from the previous year [5][6]. Summary by Sections Disease Statistics - In November 2025, Guangdong reported 28,900 cases of HFMD, ranking second among class B infectious diseases, while influenza ranked first [3]. - Nationally, HFMD cases reached 388,700 in October 2025, with no reported deaths, and a cumulative total of 658,000 cases for October and November combined, compared to approximately 105,300 cases in the same months of 2024 [5]. Disease Characteristics - HFMD is characterized by rashes or blisters on the hands, feet, and mouth, primarily caused by enteroviruses, notably Coxsackievirus A16, A6, A10, and Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) [5][6]. - The disease is particularly common among children under five years old due to their underdeveloped immune systems and lower hygiene awareness [5]. Seasonal Trends - Typically, HFMD cases increase starting in April, peaking in the spring and summer, with a smaller peak in the fall. However, in 2025, the fall outbreak was notably stronger than the spring and summer peaks [5][6]. Clinical Observations - Clinical observations indicate that this year's HFMD cases have more pronounced symptoms, with rashes appearing in broader areas beyond the typical locations [6]. - The predominant strain this year is Coxsackievirus A6, which is associated with more severe symptoms and a higher fever [7]. Vaccine Insights - The EV-A71 vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of severe HFMD cases caused by the EV-A71 strain, but it does not provide cross-protection against other strains like CVA6, which is currently not covered by any approved vaccines [7][8]. - The development of a vaccine for CVA6 faces challenges, particularly in isolating the virus for vaccine production [7].