2025年，十大太空发现 | 红杉爱科学

Group 1 - The article highlights ten significant space discoveries in 2025, including gravitational wave echoes from deep space and extreme high-energy particles traversing the Milky Way [3] - The discoveries address long-standing scientific questions and challenge existing assumptions about the fundamental laws of the universe [3] - Key findings include clues to life's building blocks in asteroid samples, the detection of interstellar comets, and the first observation of coronal mass ejections beyond the Sun [3][5][10] Group 2 - The asteroid Bennu, approximately 525 meters in diameter and 320 million kilometers from Earth, yielded samples containing various salts, ribose, glucose, and organic materials, suggesting that the building blocks of life may originate from space [5] - The comet 3I/ATLAS, entering the solar system at a speed of about 152,000 miles per hour, is the third confirmed interstellar object, with ongoing observations to determine its size and physical properties [7] - The first direct observation of coronal mass ejections from an M dwarf star was achieved, marking a significant milestone in understanding solar phenomena [10] Group 3 - A report identified five known microquasars in the Milky Way as sources of high-energy cosmic rays, confirming the existence of natural "particle engines" [13] - An extreme black hole merger event was reported, creating a new black hole with a mass of approximately 225 solar masses, challenging existing theories about black hole mass ranges [16] - The LIGO observatory captured the clearest gravitational wave signal to date, validating Stephen Hawking's area theorem with a confidence level of 99.999% [19] Group 4 - The KM3NeT detector in the Mediterranean reported the detection of a neutrino with an energy of 220 PeV, setting a new record for neutrino energy [22] - Astronomers measured the distribution of ordinary baryonic matter in the universe, revealing that over three-quarters of it is hidden in diffuse gas between galaxies, addressing the "missing baryon problem" [25] - Recent findings suggest that dark energy, previously thought to be constant, may be weakening, which could necessitate significant revisions to the cosmological standard model [26][27] Group 5 - New-generation telescopes, including the Euclid space telescope and Vera C. Rubin Observatory, have released unprecedented cosmic data, paving the way for a new era of understanding in areas such as asteroid and galaxy evolution, dark matter, and dark energy [30]