全国超400万“打工人”跨城通勤，北上广深约20万人一年52天在路上

Core Viewpoint - The development limit of large cities in China is significantly influenced by transportation accessibility, with a notable increase in rail transit mileage and a growing commuting radius over the past five years [3][4]. Group 1: Commuting Trends - In the last five years, major cities in China have added 3,700 kilometers of rail transit, representing a nearly 50% increase compared to 2020 [3][7]. - Approximately 48% of commuters in major cities can reach their destinations within 45 minutes via subway or bus, with 90% of cities experiencing improved commuting convenience [7][8]. - The commuting radius in major cities has increased by 1-3 kilometers, with Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing each having a commuting radius of 42 kilometers, the largest in the country [3][15]. Group 2: Extreme Commuting - Beijing has the highest proportion of "extreme commuters," with 29% of commuters taking over 60 minutes to reach their destinations, an increase of 1 percentage point from the previous year [15]. - The report indicates that 32 cities have seen an increase in extreme commuting over the past five years, with only Shenzhen and Nantong showing a slight decrease [12][16]. - The average commuting time for those commuting between cities is approximately 5 hours per day, with 10% of cross-city commuters averaging a single trip distance of 52.6 kilometers and a time of 153 minutes [17][19]. Group 3: Rail Transit Efficiency - The proportion of commuters covered by rail transit has increased from 15% in 2020 to 21% in 2024, with super-large cities reaching 30% [8][10]. - Cities like Guiyang have shown significant improvements in rail transit efficiency, with a 21 percentage point increase in rail coverage over five years [10]. - The marginal effect of new rail lines on commuter coverage is diminishing, with some cities experiencing no improvement in coverage despite new rail additions [9][20]. Group 4: Urbanization and Infrastructure - Urbanization in China is expected to continue, with projections indicating the formation of around 30 super-large cities by 2035, necessitating further infrastructure investment [4][5]. - The report highlights that the commuting population is increasingly experiencing a divide, with some enjoying better work-life balance while others endure longer commutes for better job opportunities [12][16].